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1.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 62(4)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1550841

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En enero de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declara el estado de pandemia por COVID-19. Los enfermos con cáncer de pulmón tienen gran vulnerabilidad ante esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la COVID-19 en los enfermos con diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal en 273 enfermos con cáncer de pulmón, discutidos en el Grupo Multidisciplinario de Tórax del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García desde el 2019 hasta el 2021. Se analizaron diferentes variables y se aplicaron análisis estadísticos, tales como porcentaje, desviación estándar y media. Resultados: El mayor número de enfermos operados discutidos en el grupo multidisciplinario fue durante el 2019 (21 para un 19,45 porciento). La etapa clínica II predominó en el año 2019, en 10 pacientes. La lobectomía fue la técnica más empleada y predominó en el 2019 en 16 enfermos (76,2 porciento), mientras que durante el 2020-2021 fueron 7. En estos años se diagnosticaron con COVID-19 un total de 17 individuos no operados y fallecieron 11. Conclusiones: Durante el período 2020-2021 disminuyó el número de casos discutidos por cáncer de pulmón en el Grupo Multidisciplinario de Tórax del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García. La mayoría no tuvo criterio de cirugía. La lobectomía fue la técnica quirúrgica más empleada, aunque se redujo su realización durante el 2020-2021. La mayoría de los enfermos que contrajeron COVID-19 no fueron operados y más de la mitad de ellos fallecieron(AU)


Introduction: In January 2020, the World Health Organization declares a pandemic status due to the COVID-19. Lung cancer patients are highly vulnerable to this disease. Objective: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was carried out in 273 patients with lung cancer, discussed in the multidisciplinary thorax group at Hospital Universitario General Calixto García from 2019 to 2021. Different variables were analyzed and statistical analyses were applied, such as percentage, standard deviation and mean. Results: The highest number of operated patients discussed in the multidisciplinary group was reported during 2019 (21, accounting for 19.45 percent). The clinical stage II predominated in 2019, with 10 patients. Lobectomy was the most used technique and the predominant in 2019, with 16 patients (76.2 percent), while 7 were reported during 2020-2021. A total of 17 nonoperated individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19 in these years and 11 died. Conclusions: During 2020-2021, there was a decrease in the number of lung cancer cases discussed in the multidisciplinary thorax group at Hospital Universitario General Calixto García decreased. Most of them did not have surgery criteria. Lobectomy was the most used surgical technique, although its realization was reduced during 2020-2021. Most of the patients who contracted COVID-19 were not operated and over half of them died(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
2.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 56(1): 6-15, 2023. ilus (graf)
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1444856

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La degeneración macular asociada a la edad húmeda (DMAEh) tiene un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida. Brolucizumab es una alternativa efectiva y segura. Objetivo: Evaluar la diferencia en costos anuales de tratamiento entre brolucizumab 6 mg (esquema 6 LP → q12/q8), ranibizumab 0.5 mg (esquema Treat and Extend [TREX]) y aflibercept 2 mg (esquema TREX) para pacientes con DMAEh en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis de minimización de costos con un horizonte temporal de cinco años y una tasa de descuento del 5%. Se consideraron costos médicos directos mediante fuentes locales. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad univariante. Resultados: El uso de brolucizumab implica un ahorro anual del 7.63% vs. aflibercept y del 12.8% vs. ranibizumab. Estos resultados fueron consistentes con los análisis de sensibilidad. Conclusiones: En un horizonte temporal de cinco años, brolucizumab es una tecnología costo-ahorradora para el tratamiento de la DMAEh en Colombia.


Background: Wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) has a negative impact on quality of life. Brolucizumab is an effective and safe alternative. Objective: To assess the difference in annual treatment costs between brolucizumab 6 mg (6 LP → q12/q8 schedule), ranibizumab 0.5 mg (Treat and Extend [TREX schedule]), and aflibercept 2 mg (TREX schedule), for patients with AMD in Colombia. Materials and methods: A cost minimization analysis was performed with a time horizon of five years and a discount rate of 5%. Direct medical costs were considered through local sources. A univariate sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: The use of brolucizumab implies an annual saving of 7.63% vs. aflibercept and 12.8% vs. ranibizumab. These results were consistent with the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: In a time horizon of 5 years, brolucizumab is a cost-saving technology for the treatment of AMD in Colombia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Wet Macular Degeneration , Wet Macular Degeneration/therapy
3.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(2): 156-162, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448090

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify risk factors for nonresponse to prone positioning in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory hypoxemia in a tertiary care hospital in Colombia. Methods: Observational study based on a retrospective cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 who underwent prone positioning due to refractory hypoxemia. The study considered an improvement ≥ 20% in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio after the first cycle of 16 hours in the prone position to be a 'response'. Nonresponding patients were considered cases, and responding patients were controls. We controlled for clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables. Results: A total of 724 patients were included (58.67 ± 12.37 years, 67.7% males). Of those, 21.9% were nonresponders. Mortality was 54.1% for nonresponders and 31.3% for responders (p < 0.001). Variables associated with nonresponse were time from the start of mechanical ventilation to pronation (OR 1.23; 95%CI 1.10 - 1.41); preintubation PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR 0.62; 95%CI 0.40 - 0.96); preprone PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR 1.88. 95%CI 1.22 - 2.94); and radiologic multilobe consolidation (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.33 - 3.33) or mixed pattern (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.85) compared with a ground-glass pattern. Conclusion: This study identified factors associated with nonresponse to prone positioning in patients with refractory hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 receiving mechanical ventilation. Recognizing such factors helps identify candidates for other rescue strategies, including more extensive prone positioning or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Further studies are needed to assess the consistency of these findings in populations with acute respiratory distress syndrome of other etiologies.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica devido à síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo grave associada à COVID-19 e hipoxemia refratária irresponsivos ao decúbito ventral em um hospital terciário na Colômbia. Métodos: Estudo observacional baseado em coorte retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica devido à síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo grave associada ao SARS-CoV-2 em decúbito ventral devido à hipoxemia refratária. O estudo considerou resposta a melhora ≥ 20% na relação entre pressão parcial de oxigênio e fração inspirada de oxigênio após o primeiro ciclo de 16 horas em decúbito ventral. Os pacientes irresponsivos foram considerados casos, e os responsivos foram considerados controles. Controlamos as variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 724 pacientes (58,67 ± 12,37 anos, 67,7% do sexo masculino). Destes, 21,9% eram pacientes irresponsivos. A mortalidade foi de 54,1% nos irresponsivos e de 31,3% nos responsivos (p < 0,001). As variáveis associadas à ausência de resposta foram tempo do início da ventilação mecânica até o decúbito ventral (RC de 1,23; IC95% 1,10 - 1,41); relação entre pressão parcial de oxigênio e fração inspirada de oxigênio pré-intubação (RC de 0,62; IC95% 0,40 - 0,96); relação entre pressão parcial de oxigênio e fração inspirada de oxigênio anterior ao decúbito ventral (RC de 1,88; IC95% 1,22 - 2,94); e consolidação radiológica de múltiplos lobos (RC de 2,12; IC95% 1,33 - 3,33) ou padrão misto (RC de 1,72; IC95% 1,07 - 2,85) em comparação com um padrão em vidro fosco. Conclusão: Este estudo identificou fatores associados à ausência de resposta ao decúbito ventral em pacientes com hipoxemia refratária e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo devido ao SARS-CoV-2 em ventilação mecânica. O reconhecimento desses fatores ajuda a identificar os candidatos a outras estratégias de resgate, incluindo decúbito ventral mais prolongado ou oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. São necessários novos estudos para avaliar a consistência desses achados em populações com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo por causa de outras etiologias.

4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421842

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Sjögren es la segunda enfermedad autoinmune crónica más prevalente; factores hereditarios y medioambientales interactúan provocando una "epitelitis autoinmune" que daña el tejido glandular exocrino principalmente, pero también a otros órganos; debido a esta heterogeneidad clínica, el diagnóstico y tratamiento constituyen un desafío. Estudios demuestran que afecta al 0,1-0,6 % de la población, con predilección por el sexo femenino (9:1). En Colombia existen pocos estudios epidemiológicos descriptivos y de caracterización en este síndrome. Caracterizar los parámetros clínicos y epidemiológicos de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se revisaron historias clínicas de 409 pacientes con el síndrome que asistieron al Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos se analizaron usando estadística descriptiva. La edad promedio de diagnóstico fue 59 años, la relación mujer: hombre 9:1, (91,7 % y 8,3 % respectivamente). Hubo mayor prevalencia en pacientes de 51 a 60 años (131) seguido por los de 61-70 años (114). La manifestación clínica más común fue la xerostomía (90 %); la biopsia de glándula salival menor fue el examen complementario más solicitado (65 %). El compromiso óseo-articular, fue la enfermedad concomitante más asociada. La etiología de la enfermedad es poco conocida, sin embargo, su caracterización, así como la identificación de medios diagnósticos y terapéuticos ayuda en la comprensión de la clínica; dicha información permitirá el desarrollo de tratamientos cada vez más efectivos y específicos.


Sjögren syndrome is the second most common chronic autoimmune disease, environmental and hereditary mechanisms causes an autoimmune epithelitis that affect the exocrine glandular tissue mainly, but also other organs; because this broad spectrum of clinical characteristics, the diagnostic and treatment become a challenge. Studies has shown that 0.1-0.6 % of the population is affected, with predominance of females over males (9:1). In Colombia there are few descriptive epidemiological studies and characterization of the affected population. Clinical and epidemiological characterization of Sjögren syndrome patients. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted, 409 clinical histories of patients with the syndrome at San Ignacio University Hospital from 2012 to 2019 were analized. The data collected were subjected to a descriptive statistic. The average age of diagnosis was 59 years, the ratio female: male 9:1 (91.7 % and 8.3 % respectively), the highest frequency of the syndrome was found in the 51 to 60 years old group (131) followed by the 61 to 70 years old group (114). The most common clinical manifestation was xerostomia (90 %), minor salivary gland biopsy was the most frequent test requested (65 %). The osseoarticular involvement was the most frecuent concomitant disease. Although the etiology of Sjögren syndrome is little known, its characterization, as well as the identification of the diagnostic and therapeutic means used, is of great help in understanding the disease; this information will allow the development of increasingly effective and specific treatments. More studies are required, in different locations, which will highlight the differences between populations.

6.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439264

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En los últimos años la definición de síndrome coronario agudo, ha englobado las diferentes formas de presentación de la cardiopatía isquémica aguda. A pesar de las posibilidades terapéuticas actuales presenta todavía una morbimortalidad elevada y no se cuenta con herramientas de laboratorio para sospechar de manera precoz las complicaciones. Objetivo: Determinar el valor de los cambios de la concentración de creatinina, potasio y glicemia como predictores de eventos adversos del síndrome coronario agudo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de cohorte. La muestra estuvo constituída por 124 pacientes. Se confeccionó un formulario donde se recogieron los datos a partir de las historias clínicas, las variables fueron: grupos de edades, sexo, color de piel, diagnóstico, evento adverso, creatinina, potasio y glicemia. Resultados: Predominó el grupo de edad de más de 60 años, el sexo masculino y color de piel blanco. Los principales eventos adversos fueron arritmias y disfunción ventricular izquierda. La creatinina elevada se asoció a disfunción ventricular izquierda, insuficiencia cardíaca y edema agudo del pulmón, la hiperpotasemia con arritmias potencialmente fatales que degeneraron en paro en asistolia y muerte. La hipopotasemia se asoció con arritmias y la hiperglicemia con la recurrencia del episodio isquémico. Conclusiones: La totalidad de los pacientes con valores normales de creatinina, potasio y glicemia no presentaron complicaciones y se demostró su utilidad como predictores de eventos adversos del síndrome coronario agudo.


Introduction: In recent years, the definition of acute coronary syndrome has encompassed the different forms of presentation of acute ischemic heart disease. Despite the current therapeutic possibilities, it still presents a high morbidity and mortality and there are no laboratory tools to suspect complications early. Objective: To determine the value of the changes in the concentration of creatinine, potassium and glycemia as predictors of adverse events of acute coronary syndrome in patients admitted to Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech in the period from October 2017 to October 2018. Methods: A analytical cohort study. The sample consisted of 124 patients. A form was made where the data were collected from the medical records, the variables were: age groups, sex, skin color, diagnosis, adverse event, creatinine, potassium and glycemia. Results: The age group over 60 years old, male sex and white skin color predominated. The main adverse events were arrhythmias and left ventricular dysfunction. Elevated creatinine was associated with left ventricular dysfunction with heart failure and acute pulmonary edema, hyperkalemia was associated with potentially fatal arrhythmias that degenerated into asystole arrest and death. Hypokalemia was associated with arrhythmias and hyperglycemia with the recurrence of the ischemic episode. Conclusions: All the patients with normal values ​​of creatinine, potassium and glycemia without complications and their usefulness as predictors of adverse events of acute coronary syndrome was demonstrated.

7.
Humanidad. med ; 21(3)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405058

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La investigación se desarrolló durante el curso 2019-2020; pertenece al proyecto Desarrollo de la expresión oral en inglés con fines médicos, del departamento de Idiomas de la universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. El artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar la estructura, etapas y acciones de una estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de la expresión oral en inglés para favorecer el discurso médico durante la presentación real o simulada de casos y su discusión diagnóstica. En su desarrollo se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemático-estadísticos. La lógica didáctica que se ofrece en las etapas Exploratoria inicial/perspectiva, Planeación/orientación, Ejecución y Evaluación contribuyen a la autogestión de conocimientos de los estudiantes de 4to año de la carrera Medicina, a la movilización de sus recursos afectivos, cognitivos y procedimentales, para fomentar la ejecución de acciones didácticas lingüístico-estratégicas para el desarrollo de la expresión oral en inglés, como potencialidad para la reinterpretación y reconstrucción personalizada y enriquecedora de significados y sentidos.


ABSTRACT During 2019-2020, the research was developed; it belongs to the project "Development of speaking in English with medical purposes of Language Department of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. The article aims to support the structure, phases and actions of a didactic strategy for the development of speaking to favor medical speech during real or simulated reports of cases and their diagnostic discussion. In the investigation, the theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. The didactic logic present in the phases Initial/perspective exploration, Planning/orientation, Implementation, and Assessment contributes to knowledge self-management of fourth year medical students, to the use of their emotional, cognitive and procedural sources, to contribute the implementation of linguistic-strategic didactic actions for the development of speaking, in reinterpreting and personal and enriching reconstruction of meaning and sense.

8.
Psychol. av. discip ; 14(2): 13-26, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250615

ABSTRACT

Resumen El propósito de este proyecto fue identificar los factores de riesgo perinatal asociados al trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y al síndrome de Rett y compararlos entre sí, estando enmarcado dentro de un estudio de tipo descriptivo. Para esta investigación se utilizó una unidad de análisis conformada por 421 historias clínicas, de las que 377 fueron de TEA y 44 de Rett, a las cuales se les aplicó un instrumento especializado en identificar factores de riesgo perinatales llamado Cuestionario Materno de Riesgo Perinatal (CMRP), con el que se encontró una gran prevalencia de niños nacidos por cesárea y que las ocupaciones de sus padres estaban relacionadas con los cuidados requeridos por el trastorno. Esta identificación de factores servirá para la toma de precauciones a nivel clínico médico y a nivel de prevención de los riesgos asociados al trastorno del espectro autista y el síndrome de Rett.


Abstract The purpose of this project was to identify the perinatal risk factors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Rett Syndrome and compare them to each other, being framed within a descriptive study; For this research, an analysis unit consisting of 421 medical records was used, of which 377 were from ASD and 44 from Rett, to which a specialized instrument was applied to identify perinatal risk factors called the Maternal Perinatal Risk Questionnaire (MPRQ ), which found a high prevalence of children born by caesarean section and that their parents' occupations were related to the care required by the disorder. This identification of factors will serve to take precautions at the medical clinical level and at the level of prevention of the risks associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rett Syndrome.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder , Rett Syndrome , Risk Factors , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Prenatal Care , Research , Prevalence
9.
Poblac. salud mesoam ; 17(2)jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386882

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: explorar qué se ha investigado sobre la experiencia de ser diagnosticado y el vivir con la infección por Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) en personas adultas. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura basada en el diseño de scoping review de Arksey y O´Malley. Resultados: la experiencia de la persona adulta con la infección por VPH implica considerar principalmente cuatro áreas: la psicosocial, la sexual, la cognitiva y la atención a la salud. Discusión: aunque la mayoría de los hallazgos se centran en aspectos negativos del VPH, algunos muestran evidencia de beneficios o aspectos positivos a partir del diagnóstico. Conclusiones: el VPH conlleva un impacto considerable desde el momento de su detección hasta el tratamiento, lo que implica afecciones en las distintas áreas de la vida de las personas que van desde cuestiones emocionales hasta el seguimiento adecuado del proceso de atención.


Abstract Objetivo: Explore what has been investigated about the experience of being diagnosed and living with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in adults. Metodología: A literature review was done based on the scoping review design of Arksey and O'Malley. Resultados: The experience of the adult with HPV infection involves mainly considering four areas: psychosocial, sexual, cognitive and health care. Discusión: Although most of the findings focus on negative aspects of HPV, some show evidence of benefits or positive aspects from the diagnosis. Conclusiones: HPV carries a considerable impact from the time of its detection until the treatment, which implies affections in the different areas of the life of patients ranging from emotional issues to the adequate follow-up of the care process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alphapapillomavirus , Mexico
10.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(1): 99-107, jan.-mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138474

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a sobrecarga de fluidos na terapia hídrica é fator prognóstico para pacientes com choque séptico quando ajustada para os alvos de depuração de lactato. Métodos: Este estudo envolveu uma coorte retrospectiva e foi conduzido em um hospital de cuidados nível IV localizado em Bogotá, na Colômbia. Foi organizada uma coorte de pacientes com choque séptico, e suas características e balanço hídrico foram documentados. Os pacientes foram estratificados por níveis de exposição segundo a magnitude da sobrecarga de fluidos por peso corporal após 24 horas de terapia. A mortalidade foi determinada aos 30 dias, e foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão logística incondicional com ajuste para fatores de confusão. A significância estatística foi estabelecida com nível de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Foram 213 pacientes com choque séptico e, após o tratamento, 60,8% deles tiveram depuração de lactato acima de 50%. Dentre os pacientes 97 (46%) desenvolveram sobrecarga de fluidos ≥ 5%, e apenas 30 (13%) desenvolveram sobrecarga ≥ 10%. Pacientes com sobrecarga de fluidos ≥ 5% receberam, em média, 6.227mL de soluções cristaloides (DP ± 5.838mL) em 24 horas, enquanto os não expostos receberam 3.978mL (DP ± 3.728mL), com p = 0.000. Os pacientes que desenvolveram sobrecarga de fluidos foram mais frequentemente tratados com ventilação mecânica (70,7% versus 50,8%; p = 0,003), albumina (74,7% versus 55,2%; p = 0,003) e corticosteroides (53,5% versus 35,0%; p = 0,006) do que os que não desenvolveram sobrecarga de fluidos. Em análise multivariada, o balanço acumulado de fluidos não se associou com mortalidade (RC 1,03; IC95% 0,89 - 1,20). Conclusão: Após ajuste para severidade da condição e depuração adequada de lactato, a ocorrência de balanço hídrico positivo não se associou com aumento da mortalidade nessa coorte latino-americana de pacientes sépticos.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether fluid overload in fluid therapy is a prognostic factor for patients with septic shock when adjusted for lactate clearance goals. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a level IV care hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. A cohort of patients with septic shock was assembled. Their characteristics and fluid balance were documented. The patients were stratified by exposure levels according to the magnitude of fluid overload by body weight after 24 hours of therapy. Mortality was determined at 30 days, and an unconditional logistic regression model was created, adjusting for confounders. The statistical significance was established at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There were 213 patients with septic shock, and 60.8% had a lactate clearance ≥ 50% after treatment. Ninety-seven (46%) patients developed fluid overload ≥ 5%, and only 30 (13%) developed overload ≥ 10%. Patients exhibiting fluid overload ≥ 5% received an average of 6227mL of crystalloids (SD ± 5838mL) in 24 hours, compared to 3978mL (SD ± 3728mL) among unexposed patients (p = 0.000). The patients who developed fluid overload were treated with mechanical ventilation (70.7% versus 50.8%) (p = 0.003), albumin (74.7% versus 55.2%) (p = 0.003) and corticosteroids (53.5% versus 35.0%) (p = 0.006) more frequently than those who did not develop fluid overload. In the multivariable analysis, cumulative fluid balance was not associated with mortality (OR 1.03; 95%CI 0.89 - 1.20). Conclusions: Adjusting for the severity of the condition and adequate lactate clearance, cumulative fluid balance was not associated with increased mortality in this Latin American cohort of septic patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Shock, Septic/metabolism , Shock, Septic/therapy , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Fluid Therapy , Prognosis , Shock, Septic/complications , Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies
12.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 18(3): 295-305, sep.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056294

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales del condón en adultos mexicanos. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio desde una perspectiva pluri metodológica, ya que se realizaron procedimientos cuantitativos y cualitativos con el apoyo de las técnicas de listados libres y elecciones sucesivas con bloques, las cuales fueron aplicadas a 176 personas adultas de las ciudades de Guadalajara y San Luis Potosí, México. Resultados: Las palabras que fueron asociadas con mayor frecuencia a condón fueron protección, seguridad y sexo; mientras que las menos referidas fueron salud, embarazo y enfermedades. La estructura y la organización de las representaciones sociales del condón se agrupan en tres bloques alusivos a los usos del condón, los aspectos valorativos y los riesgos sexuales; a su vez, el concepto de prevención es delimitado como núcleo central. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos encontrados a partir de la realización de este estudio permiten comprender el concepto del condón a partir de aspectos propios del contexto social, lo que posibilita considerar elementos para las acciones en materia de salud sexual desde un análisis que ha sido diferenciado por sexo.


Abstract Objective: To analyze social representations of condom among Mexican adults. Material and methods: A study was carried out from a pluri-methodological aproche, since quantitative and qualitative procedures were done with the support of free listing techniques and successive block choices, which were applied to 176 adults from the cities of Guadalajara and San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Results: Words that were most frequently associated with the condom were protection, safety and sex; while the less referred were health, pregnancy and diseases. The structure and organization of the social representations of the condom are grouped in three blocks referring to the condom uses, the evaluative aspects and the sexual risks; therefore, the concept of prevention is defined as the central core. Conclusions: The results found from the realization of this study allow us to understand the concept of condom from aspects of the social context, which makes it possible to consider elements for sexual health actions from an analysis that has been differentiated by sex.


Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as representagoes sociais do preservativo em adultos mexicanos. Material e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo a partir de uma perspectiva pluri-metodológica, uma vez que os procedimentos quantitativos e qualitativos foram realizados com o apoio de técnicas de listagem livre e escolhas sucessivas de blocos, aplicadas a 176 adultos nas cidades de Guadalajara e San Luis Potosí, México. Resultados: As palavras mais frequentemente associadas ao preservativo foram protegao, seguranga e sexo; enquanto as menos referidas foram saúde, gravidez e doengas. A estrutura e organizagao das representagoes sociais do preservativo foram agrupadas em tres blocos, relacionado com o uso do preservativo, os aspetos avaliativos e os riscos sexuais. O conceito de prevengao é considerado como o núcleo central. Conclusoes: Os dados encontrados a partir da realizagao deste estudo permitem compreender o conceito do preservativo a partir do contexto social, o que possibilita considerar elementos fundamentais para a realizagao de agoes no ambito da saúde sexual a partir de uma análise que tem sido diferenciada por sexo.


Résumé Objectif: Analyser les représentations sociales du préservatif chez les adultes mexicains. Matériel et méthodes: Une étude a été réalisée dans une perspective pluri-méthodologique, puisque des procédures quantitatives et qualitatives ont été effectuées avec le support des techniques de référencement gratuit et des choix successifs par blocs, qui ont été appliqués à 176 adultes des villes de Guadalajara et de San Luis Potosí, au Mexique. Résultats: Les mots les plus fréquemment associés au préservatif étaient protection, sécurité et sexe; tandis que les moins ont été renvoyés à la santé, la grossesse et les maladies. La structure et l'organisation des représentations sociales du préservatif sont regroupées en trois blocs faisant référence à l'utilisation du préservatif, les aspects évaluatifs et les risques sexuels; à son tour, le concept de prévention est défini comme le noyau central. Conclusions: Les résultats tirées de la réalisation de cette étude permettent de comprendre le concept de préservatif à partir d'aspects du contexte social, ce qui permet de considérer des éléments pour des actions de santé sexuelle à partir d'une analyse différenciée par sexe.

13.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(6): 387-392, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289710

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Left atrial (LA) enlargement is a reliable predictor of adverse cardiovascular events, and reduced atrial function is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with amyloidosis. The objective of this study was to characterize the LA function in Mexican patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (amyloid transthyretin [ATTR]) Methods All consecutive patients with diagnosis of hereditary ATTR who underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance study in the period from March 2016 to June 2017 were included in the study; the volumes and function of the left atrium were evaluated Results Patients were divided into two groups, one with and one without cardiac amyloidosis. Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of indexed maximal LA volume, 26 mL versus 35.9mL, p = 0.03; indexed minimal LA volume, 10.7 mL versus 13.6mL, p = 0.03; and indexed LA pre-contraction volume, 17 mL versus 22.4mL, p = 0.03. No statistically significant differences were observed between both groups when comparing neither different ejection volumes nor the different ejection fractions Conclusions Patients with hereditary ATTR with cardiac involvement have remodeling of the left atrium, with increased atrial volumes, without diminishing its function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Atrial Function, Left/physiology , Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/complications , Atrial Remodeling/physiology , Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Risk Factors
14.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 47(4): 219-225, Oct-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1042732

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The administration of perioperative fluids is a controversial issue that can be associated with the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after Whipple procedure. Objective: To evaluate whether intraoperative fluid management along with Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols affect outcomes following major pancreatic resection. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2017, collecting all patients scheduled for duodenopancreatectomy (DP). Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the use of ERAS protocols and the use of a fluid therapy algorithm. Results: A total of 67 patients were analyzed, 49.3% of which were females. The most frequent diagnoses were Pancreatic Cancer n:48 (71.6%), followed by intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm n:6 (9%). The majority of patients were in the ERAS group n:46 (68.7%); 80.4% and 95.7% of them did not develop pancreatic fistula or delayed gastric emptying (DGE) respectively, and the incidence for both was 11.94%. Fluid therapy was below 5000 mL (P=0.001) with blood loss less 300 mL (P = 0.001) in the ERAS group. The length of stay was shorter in the ERAS group (7 days, interquartilel range 5-12, P < 0.001). No differences in 30 days mortality were found. Conclusion: The implementation of ERAS protocols in DP did show a decrease in intraoperative blood loss, intravenous fluids therapy, need for transfusion, DGE, or total hospital stay. However, intraoperative fluid restriction in DP did not show a reduction in the development of POPF.


Resumen Introducción: La administración de fluidos durante el perioperatorio es un tema controvertido que puede asociarse a complicaciones como la fístula pancreática después de realizar el procedimiento de Whipple. Objetivo: Evaluar si los protocolos de manejo de líquidos dentro de las recomendaciones de recuperación acelerada después de cirugía (ERAS) afectan los desenlaces después de intervención pancreática mayor. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo entre enero de 2012 y enero de 2017. Se recopilaron todos los pacientes a quienes se les practicó duodenopancreatectomía. Se dividieron en dos grupos según el uso de protocolos ERAS y el uso de algoritmos para terapia hídrica. Resultados: Se analizaron 67 pacientes, el 49,3% correspondió al sexo femenino. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron cáncer de páncreas n: 48 (71,6%), seguido de neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal n: 6 (9%). La mayoría de los pacientes se encontraban en el Grupo ERAS n:46(68,7%).En dicho grupo, el 80,4% y el 95,7% no desarrollaron fístula pancreática o retraso del vaciamiento gástrico y la incidencia fue del 11,94%, respectivamente. La terapia hídrica estuvo por debajo de 5000 ml (p = 0,001) con una pérdida sanguínea inferior a 300 ml (p=0,001) en el grupo ERAS. La estancia hospitalaria fue más corta en el grupo ERAS (7 días, rango intercuartil [RIC] 5-12, p =<0,001). No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad a 30 días. Conclusión: La implementación de protocolos ERAS en la duodenopancreatectomía mostró una menor pérdida sanguínea, menor terapia hídrica, menor necesidad de transfusión, menor retraso del vaciamiento gástrico y menor estancia hospitalaria. Sin embargo, la terapia hídrica restrictiva no redujo el desarrollo de fístula pancreática postoperatoria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications , Pancreaticoduodenectomy , Fluid Therapy , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Cohort Studies , Mortality , Pancreatic Fistula , Guidelines as Topic , Gastric Emptying , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery , Length of Stay , Neoplasms
15.
Acta méd. costarric ; 61(2): 55-61, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001116

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: La ventilación mecánica no invasiva se considera la primera elección de ventilación en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica reagudizada, edema agudo de pulmón y en inmunocomprometidos. Un aspecto clave de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva es la posibilidad de evitar la entubación endotraqueal y la ventilación mecánica invasiva con sus potenciales complicaciones, y por ende, lograr menor morbimortalidad y estancia hospitalaria. El objetivo principal fue establecer si los pacientes con patología respiratoria sometidos a ventilación mecánica no invasiva presentaron un beneficio estadísticamente significativo en la mortalidad. Como objetivos específicos se determinaron las patologías respiratorias más frecuentes, el tipo de insuficiencia respiratoria asociado a la terapia, la interface más utilizada, las complicaciones más frecuentes, y las patologías respiratorias sometidas a terapia que obtuvieron mayor beneficio en la morbimortalidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional y de reporte de casos, de una población adulta de 18 - 85 años hospitalizada en el período comprendido entre el 1 de agosto y el 31 de noviembre de 2014. Se estudió 40 pacientes con patología respiratoria que cumplieron criterios para recibir tratamiento con ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Resultados: El servicio más frecuente donde se utilizó ventilación mecánica no invasiva fue la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se brindó terapia a más pacientes masculinos con edad promedio de 55 años. El tiempo promedio de terapia fue de 8,4 horas. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: neumonía, edema agudo de pulmón y edema pulmonar lesional. Para dichos diagnósticos la insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica fue la principal indicación. La "full fase" fue la interface más usada. Las complicaciones de úlceras por presión y neumonía fueron infrecuentes. No se encontró cambios gasométricos, de índice respiratorio, ni de gradiente alveolo - arterial durante la terapia. Los puntajes de APACHE-II y SOFA fueron bajos para la mayoría de los pacientes, y el 57,5 % de los pacientes terminó por deshabituarse, con una mortalidad observada del 12 %. Conclusión: Las indicaciones más frecuentes para ventilación mecánica no invasiva en este estudio fueron edema agudo de pulmón y neumonía en el paciente inmunocomprometido. Algunos pacientes con índices respiratorios menores de 150, no se planteó la entubación, pero esto no se reflejó en una mayor tasa de fracaso en la deshabituación, o mayor mortalidad. Debido a la diversidad en la aplicación de la terapia, se debe tratar de protocolizar su uso en el Hospital México, para buscar obtener mejores resultados.


Abstract Aim: The non invasive mechanical ventilation is considered the first choice of ventilation in patients with respiratory insufficiency secondary to exacerbated chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, acute pulmonary edema and immunocompromised patients. The clue of the non invasive mechanical ventilation is the possibility to avoid intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation with its complications, less morbidity and mortality, and less hospital stay. Besides, it is more comfortable, the patient can communicate, eat and drink, cough, avoid the need of profound sedation, and maintain the defense mechanisms of superior airway. The main objective was to establish if the patients who received non invasive ventilation had a benefit in mortality statistically significant. It was also evaluated which were the most frequent pulmonary diseases, the type of respiratory insufficiency associated with the therapy, the type of interface used, the most frequent complications, and which of the pulmonary diseases benefited most in morbidity and mortality with the use of this type of ventilation. Methods: We did a prospective, observational and case report study. Of a total population of 18 - 85 years hospitalized in a period between 1 of August and 31 of November of 2014, we studied a total of 40 patients who developed a respiratory disease who met the criteria to receive treatment with non invasive ventilation. Results: The department who used more non invasive ventilation was the Intensive Care Unit. There were more male patients, with an average age of 55 years. The average time of therapy was 8,4 hours. The most frequent diagnostics where pneumoniae, acute pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. For these diseases the hipoxemic respiratory insufficiency was the principal indication. The fullface was the main interface used. The complications of pressure ulcers and pneumoniae where infrequent during therapy. There were none shocked patients under therapy and tachycardia was the main risk factor of dying without being statistically significant. We didn't find gasometric changes neither changes in the respiratory index or alveolar-arterial gradient during therapy. The majority of patients with pneumonia and acute pulmonary edema started the therapy with a respiratory index less than 150, but this didn`t relate with more time in therapy neither more mortality. The scores of APACHE-II and SOFA where low at the beginning of the therapy, the observed mortality was of 12%. Conclusion: The most frequent indications for non invasive ventilation obsesrved were acute pulmonary edema and pneumoniae in inmunocompromised patients. The elaboration of protocols to guide the correct use of this ventilations method is needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pneumonia/complications , Pulmonary Edema/complications , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Costa Rica
16.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(3): 254-257, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286497

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The presence of 50 ml of fluid or more in the pericardial sac is known as pericardial effusion. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pericardial effusion in patients with systemic diseases. Method: Echocardiographic studies performed at the National Medical Center Siglo XXI Specialty Hospital Cardiology Department between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. According to Weitzman's criteria, pericardial effusion was classified as mild, < 10 mm, moderate, 10 to 20 mm and severe, > 20 mm. Results: In total, 10,653 studies were reviewed; the prevalence of pericardial effusion was 3.5 % (380), in 209 women (55 %, 45.9 ± 19.0 years) and 171 men (45 %, 41.9 ± 18.5 years). Etiology was uremic in 227 (59.7 %), lymphatic drainage reduction in 73 (15.8 %), autoimmune diseases in 30 (7.9 %), neoplastic in 26 (6.8 %), infectious in 19 (5 %), idiopathic in 14 (3.7 %), hypothyroidism in two (0.5 %), iatrogenic in one (0.3 %) and post-infarction in one (0.3 %). Severity was mild in 87 (22.9 %), moderate in 147 (38.7 %) and severe in 146 (38.4 %). Conclusions: The prevalence of pericardial effusion was 3.5% in patients with systemic diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Pericardial Effusion/epidemiology , Pericardial Effusion/etiology , Pericardial Effusion/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Prevalence , Mexico
17.
CCH, Correo cient. Holguín ; 22(4): 750-756, oct.-dic. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974524

ABSTRACT

Se presentó el caso de un recién nacido masculino de 48 horas, de un parto vaginal extrahospitalario no controlado, de una comunidad indígena, remitido de un hospital público de Maturín, Monagas, Venezuela, al Servicio de Imagenología del Centro de Alta Tecnología Ernesto Che Guevara; por tener malformación de la pared torácica (onfalocele). Se le realizó tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) de tórax en equipo multicortes, con reconstrucciones multiplanares (2D, 3D) y en volumen rendering; con el objetivo de definir otras malformaciones asociadas, con un diagnóstico preciso para la corrección quirúrgica precoz del defecto y el desarrollo normal de la caja torácica. La TAC mostró un defecto de fusión total de las valvas esternales, que se correspondía con una hendidura esternal, asociada a dextrocardia y onfalocele.


A case of a 48-hour male newborn, from an extra-hospital vaginal delivery, with not controlled pregnancy, from an indigenous community, transfered from a public hospital in Maturín, Monagas, Venezuela to the Imaging Service of the Ernesto Che Guevara High Tech Center. He presented chest wall malformation (omphalocele). Thorax Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) was performed in multislice equipment, with multiplanar reconstructions (2D, 3D) and in rendering volume, to define associated malformations for an accurate diagnosis, early surgical correction which allows normal rib cage development. The CAT showed a total fusion of the sternal leaflets, related to a sternal cleft with dextrocardia and omphalocele.

18.
Rev. CES psicol ; 9(2): 152-166, jul.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-956534

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar la percepción de la salud sexual y del Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) en adolescentes del municipio de Santa María del Río, en San Luis Potosí, México. Se aplicaron las técnicas de listados libres y sorteo por montones. Las palabras higieney protección reportaron mayor frecuencia en el concepto de salud sexual, mientras que enfermedad y mortal en el concepto de VPH. La higiene como elemento dentro de los dominios de salud sexual y VPH muestra la visión acerca de quienes gozan de una buena salud sexual y de quienes padecen de una mala salud sexual. Se recomienda generar intervenciones basadas en una visión promocional de la salud sexual para el riesgo del VPH en los adolescentes.


Abstract This study was conducted to explore the perception of adolescents about sexual health and HPV in the municipality of Santa Maria del Rio, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Two phases were undertaken using free lists and pile sorts. The words hygiene and protection were more frequently associated to the concept of sexual health, while deadly and diseases were more frequently associated to the concept of HPV. Hygiene as an element in sexual health conception and HPV shows the vision of those who enjoy a good sexual health and of those who present poor sexual health. It is important to develop interventions based on a promotional perspective of health to prevent HPV in adolescents.

19.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 21(2): 74-88, dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868988

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: implementar un proyecto dirigido a la promoción de la salud sexual como alternativa ante el riesgo del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de investigación acción participativa en tres fases. En la primera se delimitaron temas y estrategias para la promoción de la salud sexual y evitar el riesgo de VPH, con la participación de adolescentes en grupos de discusión. Durante la segunda fase se realizó un programa de intervención en dos etapas: la primera consistió en sesiones informativas a cargo de instituciones, organizaciones no gubernamentales y profesionales de la salud sexual; en la segunda etapa se realizaron actividades dirigidas a promocionar la salud sexual para evitar el riesgo del VPH con el apoyo de los adolescentes. Como última fase se evaluaron las limitaciones y los alcances durante el desarrollo del proyecto. Resultados: la participación de los miembros de la comunidad permitió la definición de temas prioritarios en salud sexual y posibilitó abordarlos desde una perspectiva integral y multidisciplinaria. Conclusión: es urgente la delimitación del concepto de promoción de la salud sexual para comprender claramente cuál es el papel de los adolescentes y de qué manera se puede apostar por una participación genuina.


Objective: implement a project aimed at the promotion of sexual health as an alternative to the risk of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in adolescents. Materials and methods: A participatory action research study was carried out in three phases. In the first, topics and strategies were defined for the promotion of sexual health and the risk of HPV, with the participation of adolescents in discussion groups. During the second phase, a two-stage intervention program was conducted: the first consisted of information sessions by institutions, non-governmental organizations and sexual health professionals; in the second stage, activities aimed at promoting sexual health were carried out to avoid the risk of HPV with the support of adolescents. The last phase evaluated the limitations and the scope during the development of the project. Results:the participation of the members of the community allowed the definition of priority topics in sexual health and made it possible to approach them from a comprehensive and multidisciplinary perspective. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to define the concept of sexual health promotion in order to clearly understand the role of adolescents and how genuine participation can be positioned.


Objetivo: implementar um projecto que visa a promoção da saúde sexual como uma alternativa para o risco de papilomavírus humano (HPV) na adolescência. Materiais e métodos: Um estudo de pesquisa-ação participativa realizada em três fases. As primeiras questões prioritárias e estratégias de promoção da saúde sexual e HPV de risco, com a participação de adolescentes em grupos de discussão foram levantadas. Durante a segunda fase de um programa de intervenção foi realizada em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu de sessões de informação por parte das instituições, associações civis e profissionais de saúde sexual; no segundo estágio, foram feitas atividades para promover sexual HPV risco para a saúde, com o apoio de adolescentes , como as restrições de fase final e escopo para o projeto foram avaliados. Resultados: A participação de membros da comunidade permitiu a definição das questões prioritárias na área da saúde sexual e permitiu resolvê-los de uma perspectiva holística e multidisciplinar. Conclusão: Há uma delimitação urgente do conceito de promoção da saúde sexual para entender claramente o que é o papel dos adolescentes e como você pode apostar em uma participação genuína.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adolescent , Health , Health Promotion , Papilloma , Sexuality
20.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 11(1): 12-18, jul. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869788

ABSTRACT

En el envejecimiento normal, sin generalizar a toda la población adulta mayor, se puede presentar un declive en las funciones cognitivas e intelectuales previamente desarrolladas por el individuo. Desde la neuropsicología se han movilizado estrategias para mejorar este funcionamiento o detener el declive que se pueda presentar. Dentro de las estrategias de intervención, los programas de estimulación cognitiva muestran efectos beneficiosos en la cognición de estos adultos,mejorando o retardando problemas asociados a una demencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los perfiles pre y post, de un grupo de adultos mayores aquienes se les suministró un programa de estimulación en las funciones mentales superiores. Esta investigación está enmarcada dentro de un tipo de estudio comparativo-descriptivo, cuasi experimental, de diseño con grupo de estudio y grupo de comparación no equivalentes, realizado a 40 adultos mayores de ambosgéneros quienes residen en la Ciudad de Bogotá...


In normal aging, without making a generalization to the entire adult population, there may be a decline in cognitive and intellectual functions previously acquiredby the individual, from neuropsychology have mobilized strategies to improve performance or stop the decline can be put forward. Within intervention strategies, cognitive stimulation programs have shown beneficial effects on cognition of these adults as well, they enhance or retard the problems associated with dementia, these facts are based in the light of the concept of brain plasticity, which refers to human beings in terms of central nervous system, have the ability toweigh compensatory manner constraints specific performance of some cognitive functions, with other areas or circuits that are preserved and allow the execution of cognitive activities, likewise this compensatory phenomenon has been worked today under the concept of cognitive reserve, where it is stated that thevarious activities throughout life, and specifically cognitively stimulating activities in adulthood, allows the delay process in most neurodegenerative adulthood. For this study, our objective was to identify the pre and post of a group of older adults who received cognitive stimulation program of higher mental functions profiles. This research is part of a type of comparative descriptive design, quasi-experimental with a study group and a comparison group not equivalent, thestudy population consisted of 40 elderly residents of both genders, institutionalized in a geriatric center in the city of Bogotá...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Cognition/physiology , Executive Function , Aging/physiology , Institutionalization , Attention/physiology , Colombia , Memory/physiology
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